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| MIC284 Micrel, Inc. MIC284 Two-Zone Thermal Supervisor General Description The MIC284 is a versatile digital thermal supervisor capable of measuring temperature using its own internal sensor and an inexpensive external sensor or embedded silicon diode such as those found in the Intel Pentium IIITM CPU. A 2-wire serial interface is provided to allow communication with either I2CTM or SMBusTM masters. Features include an open-drain overtemperature output with dedicated registers for implementing fan control or over-temperature shutdown circuits. Interrupt status and mask bits are provided for reduced software overhead. The open-drain interrupt output pin can be used as either an overtemperature alarm or a thermostatic control signal. A programmable address pin permits two devices to share the bus. (Alternate base addresses available-contact Micrel.) Superior performance, low power and small size makes the MIC284 an excellent choice for the most demanding thermal management applications. The MIC284 is part of the SilentSenseTM family of thermal supervisors. Data sheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel's web site at www.micrel.com. SilentSenseTM Features * Optimized for CPU Thermal Supervision in Computing Applications * Measures Local and Remote Temperature * Sigma-Delta ADC for 8-Bit Temperature Results * 2-Wire SMBus-compatible Interface * Programmable Thermostat Settings for both Internal and External Zones * Open-Drain Interrupt Output Pin * Open-Drain Over Temperature Output Pin for Fan Control or Hardware Shutdown * Interrupt Mask and Status Bits * Low Power Shutdown Mode * Failsafe response to diode faults * 2.7V to 5.5V Power Supply Range * 8-Lead SOIC and MSOP Packages Applications * * * * * Desktop, Server and Notebook Computers Power Supplies Test and Measurement Equipment Wireless Systems Networking/Datacom Hardware Typical Application 3.3V 4 10k pull-ups FROM SERIAL BUS HOST OVER-TEMP SHUTDOWN 0.1F MIC284 DATA CLK /INT /CRIT VDD T1 A0 GND REMOTE DIODE 2200pF 2-Channel SMBus Temperature Measurement System SMBus and Pentium III are trademarks of Intel Corporation. I2C is a trademark of Philips Electronics, N.V. SilentSense is a trademark of Micrel, Inc. Micrel, Inc. * 2180 Fortune Drive * San Jose, CA 95131 * USA * tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 * fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 * http://www.micrel.com September 2005 1 MIC284 MIC284 Micrel, Inc Part Number Base Address (*) Junction Temp. Range 100 100x 100 101x 100 110x 100 111x 100 100x 100 101x 100 110x 100 111x -55C to +125C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C -55C to +125C Package 8-Lead SOIC 8-Lead SOIC 8-Lead SOIC 8-Lead SOIC 8-Lead MSOP 8-Lead MSOP 8-Lead MSOP 8-Lead MSOP Contact Factory Contact Factory Contact Factory Contact Factory Contact Factory Contact Factory Availability Ordering Information Standard MIC284-0BM MIC284-1BM MIC284-2BM MIC284-3BM MIC284-0BMM MIC284-1BMM MIC284-2BMM MIC284-3BMM Pb-Free MIC284-0YM MIC284-1YM MIC284-2YM MIC284-3YM MIC284-0YMM MIC284-1YMM MIC284-2YMM MIC284-3YMM * The least-significant bit of the slave address is determined by the state of the A0 pin. Pin Configuration DATA 1 8 VDD 7 A0 6 T1 5 /CRIT CLK 2 /INT 3 GND 4 Pin Description Pin Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pin Name DATA CLK /INT GND /CRIT T1 A0 VDD Pin Function Digital I/O: Open-drain. Serial data input/output. Digital Input: The host provides the serial bit clock on this input. Digital Output: Open-drain. Interrupt or thermostat output. Ground: Power and signal return for all IC functions. Digital Output: Open-Drain. Over-temperature indication Analog Input: Connection to remote temperature sensor (diode junction) Digital Input: Slave address selection input. See Table 1. MIC284 Slave Address Settings. Analog Input: Power supply input to the IC. MIC284 2 September 2005 MIC284 Micrel, Inc. Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Power Supply Voltage, VDD .......................................... 6.0V Voltage on Any Pin ................................ -0.3V to VDD+0.3V Current Into Any Pin ................................................ 10 mA Power Dissipation, TA = +125C ................................ 30mW Junction Temperature .............................................. +150C Storage Temperature ................................ -65C to +150C ESD Ratings (Note 3) Human Body Model ...................................................TBD V Machine Model ..........................................................TBD V Soldering Vapor Phase (60 sec.) .............................. +220C +5-0C Infrared (15 sec.) ...................................... +235C +5-0C Operating Ratings (Note 2) Power Supply Voltage, VDD ......................... +2.7V to +5.5V Ambient Temperature Range (TA) ............. -55C to +125C Package Thermal Resistance (JA) SOP ................................................................. +152C/W MSOP .............................................................. +206C/W Electrical Characteristics 2.7V VDD 5.5; TA = +25C, bold values indicate -55C TA +125C, Note 4; unless noted. Symbol IDD Parameter Condition Power Supply Supply Current /INT, open, A0 = VDD or GND, CLK = DATA = high, normal mode /INT, /CRIT open, A0 = VDD or GND shutdown mode, CLK = 100kHz /INT, /CRIT open, A0 = VDD or GND shutdown mode, CLK = DATA = high tPOR Power-On Reset Time, Note 7 Power-On Reset Voltage Power-On Reset Hysteresis Voltage Accuracy--Local Temperature Note 4, 9 3V VDD 3.6V 0C TA +100C, /INT and /CRIT open, 3V VDD 3.6V VPOR VHYST all registers reset to default values, A/D conversions initiated VDD > VPOR 350 750 A Min Typ Max Units 3 1 2.0 10 200 2.7 A A s V 250 1 2 1 2 50 2 3 3 5 80 mV C C C C ms Temperature-to-Digital Converter Characteristics -55C TA +125C, /INT and /CRIT open, Accuracy--Remote Temperature Note 4, 5, 9 3V VDD 3.6V, 0C TA +85C Conversion Time, local zone Note 7 0C TD +100C, /INT and /CRIT open, 3V VDD 3.6V, 0C TA +85C -55C TD +125C, /INT and /CRIT open, tCONV0 tCONV1 Conversion Time, remote zone Note 7 Current to External Diode Note 7 Low Input Voltage High Input Voltage Input Capacitance Input Current high level, T1 forced to 1.5V low level 2.7V VDD 5.5V 7.5 100 224 14 160 400 ms A A Remote Temperature Input (T1) IF Address Input (A0) VIL 0.6 2.0 10 0.01 1 V V pF A VIH 2.7V VDD 5.5V CIN ILEAK September 2005 3 MIC284 MIC284 Symbol VOL VIL Parameter Low Output Voltage Note 6 Low Input Voltage High Input Voltage Input Capacitance Input current Low Input Voltage High Input Voltage Input Capacitance Input current Low Output Voltage, Note 6 Interrupt Propagation Delay, Note 7, 8 Interrupt Reset Propagation Delay, Note 7 Default T_SET0 Value Default T_HYST0 Value Default T_SET1 Value Default T_HYST1 Value Low Output Voltage, Note 6 /CRIT Propagation Delay, Note 7, 8 /CRIT Reset Propagation Delay, Note 7 Default CRIT1 Value Default nCRIT1 Value CLK (Clock) Period Data In Setup Time to CLK High Data Out Stable After CLK Low DATA Low Setup Time to CLK Low DATA High Hold Time After CLK High start condition stop condition IOL = 3mA 2.7V VDD 5.5V 2.7V VDD 5.5V Condition IOL = 3mA Min Typ Serial Data I/O Pin (DATA) Micrel, Inc Max 0.4 0.8 0.7VDD 0.3VDD 10 0.01 1 0.3VDD 10 0.01 1 0.4 0.8 tCONV+1 1 81 76 97 92 81 76 97 92 81 76 97 92 0.4 0.8 tCONV+1 1 97 92 2.5 100 0 100 100 97 92 97 92 Units V V V V pF A V V pF A V V s s C C C C V V s s C C s ns ns ns ns IOL = 6mA VIH 2.7V VDD 5.5V 2.7V VDD 5.5V CIN ILEAK VIL Serial Clock Input (CLK) VIH 0.7VDD CIN ILEAK VOL tINT tnINT Status Output (/INT) IOL = 6mA T_SET0 T_HYST0 T_SET1 T_HYST1 VOL tCRIT tnCRIT CRIT1 nCRIT1 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 Note 1. Note 2. Note 3. Note 4. Note 5. Note 6. Note 7. Note 8. Note 9. from any register read to /INT > VOH FQ = 00, RPULLUP = 10k tPOR after VDD > VPOR tPOR after VDD > VPOR tPOR after VDD > VPOR tPOR after VDD > VPOR IOL = 3mA from TEMP > T_SET or TEMPx < T_HYSTx to INT < VOL, FQ = 00, RPULLUP = 10k Over-Temperature Output (/CRIT) IOL = 6mA from TEMPx < nCRITx to /CRIT > VOH FQ = 00, RPULLUP = 10k tPOR after VDD > VPOR tPOR after VDD > VPOR from TEMPx > T_SETx or TEMPx < T_HYSTx to INT < VOL, FQ = 00, RPULLUP = 10k Serial Interface Timing (Note 7) Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. Human body model: 1.5k in series with 100pF. Machine model: 200pF, no series resistance. Final test on outgoing product is performed at TA = TBDC. TD is the temperature of the remote diode junction. Testing is performed using a single unit of one of the transistors listed in Table 6. Current into this pin will result in self-heating of the MIC284. Sink current should be minimized for best accuracy. Guaranteed by design over the operating temperature range. Not 100% production tested. Accuracy specification does not include quantization noise, which may be as great as 12LSB (0.5C). tCONV = tCONV0 + tCONV1. tCONV0 is the conversion time for the local zone; tCONV1 is the conversion time for the remote zone. MIC284 4 September 2005 MIC284 Micrel, Inc. t1 SCL SDA Data In SDA Data Out t4 t2 t3 t5 Timing Diagram Serial Interface Timing September 2005 5 MIC284 MIC284 Micrel, Inc VDD TEMPERATURE-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER Functional Diagram T1 2:1 MUX Bandgap Sensor and Reference 1-Bit DAC Digital Filter and Control Logic Result Registers T_SET & /CRIT Setpoint Registers Temperature Hysteresis Registers A0 2-Wire Serial Bus Interface DATA CLK State Machine and Digital Comparator Pointer Register Configuration Register Open-Drain Output MIC284 GND /INT /CRIT Functional Description Pin Descriptions VDD: Power supply input. See electrical specifications. GND: Ground return for all MIC284 functions. CLK: Clock input to the MIC284 from the two-wire serial bus. The clock signal is provided by the host, and is shared by all devices on the bus. DATA: Serial data I/O pin that connects to the two-wire serial bus. DATA is bi-directional and has an open-drain output driver. An external pull-up resistor or current source somewhere in the system is necessary on this line. This line is shared by all devices on the bus. A0: This inputs sets the least significant bit of the MIC284's 7-bit slave address. The six most-significant bits are fixed and are determined by the part number ordered. (See ordering information table above.) Each MIC284 will only respond to its own unique slave address, allowing up to eight MIC284s to share a single bus. A match between the MIC284's address and the address specified in the serial bit stream must be made to initiate communication. A0 should be tied directly to VDD or ground. See "Temperature Measurement and Power On" for more information. A0 determines the slave address as shown in Table 1: MIC284 6 P a r t N u m be r MI C 2 8 4 -0 MI C 2 8 4 -1 MI C 2 8 4 -2 MI C 2 8 4 -3 I n p u ts A0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 MI C 2 8 4 S l a v e A d d r e s s B ina r y 100 1000b 1 0 0 1 0 01 b 100 1010b 1 0 0 1 0 11 b 100 1100b 1 0 0 1 1 01 b 100 1110b 1 0 0 1 1 11 b Hex 48h 49h 4Ah 4B h 4C h 4D h 4E h 4F h Table 1. MIC284 Slave Address Settings /INT: Temperature events are indicated to external circuitry via this output. Operation of the /INT output is controlled by the MODE and IM bits in the MIC284's configuration register. See "Comparator and Interrupt Modes" below. This output is open-drain and may be wire-OR'ed with other open-drain signals. Most systems will require a pull-up resistor or current source on this pin. If the IM bit in the configuration register is set, it prevents the /INT output from sinking current. In I2C and SMBus systems, the IM bit is therefore an interrupt September 2005 MIC284 mask bit. /CRIT: Over-temperature events are indicated to external circuitry via this output. This output is open-drain and may be wire-OR'ed with other open-drain signals. Most systems will require a pull-up resistor or current source on this pin. T1: This pin connects to an off-chip PN diode junction, for monitoring the junction temperature at a remote location. The remote diode may be an embedded thermal sensing junction in an integrated circuit so equipped (such as Intel's Pentium III), or a discrete 2N3906-type bipolar transistor with base and collector tied together. Temperature Measurement The temperature-to-digital converter is built around a switched current source and an eight-bit analog-to-digital converter. Each diode's temperature is calculated by measuring its forward voltage drop at two different current levels. An internal multiplexer directs the MIC284's current source output to either an internal or external diode junction. The MIC284 uses two'scomplement data to represent temperatures. If the MSB of a temperature value is zero, the temperature is zero or positive. If the MSB is one, the temperature is negative. More detail on this is given in the "Temperature Data Format" section below. A "temperature event" results if the value in either of the temperature result registers (TEMPx) becomes greater than the value in the corresponding temperature setpoint register (T_SETx). Another temperature event occurs if and when the measured temperature subsequently falls below the temperature hysteresis setting in T_HYSTx. During normal operation the MIC284 continuously performs temperature-to-digital conversions, compares the results against the setpoint registers, and updates the states of /INT, /CRIT, and the status bits accordingly. The remote zone is converted first, followed by the local zone. The states of /INT, /CRIT, and the status bits are updated after each measurement is taken. The remote diode junction connected to T1 may be embedded in an integrated circuit such as a CPU, ASIC, or graphics processor, or it may be a diode-connected discrete transistor. Diode Faults The MIC284 is designed to respond in a failsafe manner to hardware faults in the external sensing circuitry. If the con- Micrel, Inc. nection to the external diode is lost or the sense line (T1) is shorted to VDD or ground, the temperature data reported by the A/D converter will be forced to its full-scale value (+127C). This will cause a temperature event to occur if T_SET1 or CRIT1 are set to any value less than 127C (7Fh = 0111 1111b). An interrupt will be generated on /INT if so enabled. The temperature reported for the external zone will remain +127C until the fault condition is cleared. This fault detection mechanism requires that the MIC284 complete the number of conversion cycles specified by Fault_Queue. The part will therefore require one or more conversion cycles following power-on or a transition from shutdown to normal operation before reporting an external diode fault. Serial Port Operation The MIC284 uses standard SMBus Write_Byte and Read_Byte operations for communication with its host. The SMBus Write_Byte operation involves sending the device's slave address (with the R/W bit low to signal a write operation), followed by a command byte and a data byte. The SMBus Read_Byte operation is similar, but is a composite write and read operation: the host first sends the device's slave address followed by the command byte, as in a write operation. A new start bit must then be sent to the MIC284, followed by a repeat of the slave address with the R/W bit (LSB) set to the high (read) state. The data to be read from the part may then be clocked out. The command byte is eight bits wide. This byte carries the address of the MIC284 register to be operated upon, and is stored in the part's pointer register. The pointer register is an internal write-only register. The command byte (pointer register) values corresponding to the various MIC284 register addresses are shown in Table 2. Command byte values other than those explicitly shown are reserved, and should not be used. Any command byte sent to the MIC284 will persist in the pointer register indefinitely until it is overwritten by another command byte. If the location latched in the pointer register from the last operation is known to be correct (i.e., points to the desired register), then the Receive_Byte procedure may be used. To perform a Receive_Byte, the host sends an address byte to select the MIC284, and then retrieves the data byte. Figures 1 through 3 show the formats for these procedures. September 2005 7 MIC284 MIC284 Command_Byte Binary 0000 0000b 0000 0001b 0000 0010b 0000 0011b 0001 0000b 0001 0010b 0001 0011b 0010 0010b 0010 0011b He x 00h 01h 02h 03h 10h 12h 13h 22h 23h Labe l TEMP0 CONFIG T_HYST0 T_SET0 TEMP1 T_SET1 nCRIT1 CRIT1 Target Registe r Descriptio n local temperatur e configuration registe r local temperature hysteresi s local temperature setpoin t remote temperatur e remote temperature setpoin t over-temperature hysteresis over-temperature setpoin t Micrel, Inc T_HYST1 remote temperature hysteresi s Table 2. MIC284 Register Addresses MIC284 8 September 2005 MIC284 September 2005 MIC284 Slave Address Command Byte Data Byte to MIC284 DATA START S 1 0 0 1 X X A0 0 A 0 0 X X X X X X A X X X X X X X X /A P R/W = WRITE STOP ACKNOWLEDGE ACKNOWLEDGE NOT ACKNOWLEDGE CLK Figure 1. WRITE_BYTE Protocol MIC284 Slave Address Command Byte MIC284 Slave Address Data Read From MIC284 DATA START S 1 0 0 1 X X A0 0 A 0 0 X X X X X X A S 1 0 0 1 X X A0 1 A X X X X X X X X /A P R/W = WRITE ACKNOWLEDGE START ACKNOWLEDGE R/W = READ ACKNOWLEDGE NOT ACKNOWLEDGE STOP CLK 9 Figure 2. READ_BYTE Protocol MIC284 Slave Address DATA START Master-to-slave transmission Slave-to-master response Data Byte from MIC284 S 1 0 0 1 X X A0 1 A X X X X X X X X /A P R/W = READ ACKNOWLEDGE NOT ACKNOWLEDGE STOP CLK Master-to-slave transmission Slave-to-master response Figure 3. RECEIVE_BYTE Micrel, Inc. MIC284 MIC284 First Byte of Transaction MIC284 MIC284 Slave Address Last Byte of Transaction S1001XXXXAXXXXXXXXA ... X X X X X X X X /A P NOT ACKNOWLEDGE STOP START Conversion in Progress Conversion Interrupted By MIC284 Acknowledge New Conversion Begins tCONV1 R/W = DONT CARE ACKNOWLEDGE ACKNOWLEDGE A/D Converter in Standby New Conversion in Progress First Result Ready Master-to-slave transmission Slave-to-master response Figure 4. A/D Converter Timing 10 MIC284 Slave Address Command Byte = 01h = CONFIG MIC284 Slave Address CONFIG Value* S 1 0 0 0 X X A0 0 A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 A S 1 0 0 0 X X A0 1 A X X X X X X X X /A P START R/W = WRITE ACKNOWLEDGE ACKNOWLEDGE START t/INT R/W = READ ACKNOWLEDGE NOT ACKNOWLEDGE STOP tn/INT INT Temperature event occurs * Status bits in CONFIG are cleared to zero following this operation Master-to-slave transmission Slave-to-master response Figure 5. Responding to Interrupts September 2005 Micrel, Inc MIC284 Temperature Data Format The LSB of each register represents one degree Centigrade. The values are in a two's complement format, wherein the most significant bit (D7), represents the sign: zero for positive temperatures and one for negative temperatures. Table 3 shows examples of the data format used by the MIC284 for temperatures. A/D Converter Timing Whenever the MIC284 is not in its low power shutdown mode, the internal A/D converter (ADC) attempts to make continuous conversions unless interrupted by a bus transaction accessing the MIC284. When the part is accessed, the conversion in progress will be halted, and the partial result discarded. When the access to the MIC284 is complete, the ADC will begin a new conversion cycle with results for the remote zone valid tCONV1 after that, and for the local zone tCONV0 later. Figure 4 shows this behavior. The conversion time is twice as long for external conversions as it is for internal conversions. This allows the use of a filter capacitor on T1 without a loss of accuracy due to the resulting longer settling times. Upon powering-up, coming out of shutdown mode, or resuming operation following a serial bus transaction, the ADC will begin acquiring temperature data starting with the external zone (zone 1), followed by the internal zone (zone 0). If the ADC is interrupted by a serial bus transaction, it will restart the conversion that was interrupted and then continue in the normal sequence. This sequence will repeat indefinitely until the MIC284 is shut down, powered off, or is interrupted by a serial bus transaction as described above. Power-On When power is initially applied, the MIC284's internal registers are set to their default states, and A0 is read to establish the device's slave address. The MIC284's power-up default state can be summarized as follows: * Normal Mode operation (i.e., part is not in shutdown) * /INT function is set to Comparator Mode * Fault Queue depth = 1 (FQ=00) * Interrupts are enabled (IM = 0) * T_SET0 = 81C; T_HYST0 = 76C * T_SET1 = 97C; T_HYST1 = 92C * CRIT1 = 97C; nCRIT1 = 92C * Initialized to recognize overtemperature faults Micrel, Inc. Comparator and Interrupt Modes Depending on the setting of the MODE bit in the configuration register, the /INT output will behave either as an interrupt request signal or a thermostatic control signal. Thermostatic operation is known as comparator mode. The /INT output is asserted when the measured temperature, as reported in either of the TEMPx registers, exceeds the threshold programmed into the corresponding T_SETx register for the number of conversions specified by Fault_Queue (described below). In comparator mode, /INT will remain asserted and the status bits will remain high unless and until the measured temperature falls below the value in the T_HYSTx register for Fault_Queue conversions. No action on the part of the host is required for operation in comparator mode. Note that entering shutdown mode will not affect the state of /INT when the device is in comparator mode. In interrupt mode, once a temperature event has caused a status bit (Sx) to be set, and the /INT output to be asserted, they will not be automatically de-asserted when the measured temperature falls below T_HYSTx. They can only be de-asserted by reading any of the MIC284's internal registers or by putting the device into shutdown mode. If the most recent temperature event was an overtemperature condition, Sx will not be set again, and /INT cannot be reasserted, until the device has detected that TEMPx < T_HYSTx. Similarly, if the most recent temperature event was an undertemperature condition, Sx will not be set again, and /INT cannot be reasserted, until the device has detected that TEMPx > T_SETx. This keeps the internal logic of the MIC284 backward compatible with that of the LM75 and similar devices. In both modes, the MIC284 will be responsive to over-temperature events at power-up. See "Interrupt Generation", below. Shutdown Mode Setting the SHDN bit in the configuration register halts the otherwise continuous conversions by the A/D converter. The MIC284's power consumption drops to 1A typical in shutdown mode. All registers may be read from or written to while in shutdown mode. Serial bus activity will slightly increase the part's power consumption. Entering shutdown mode will not affect the state of /INT when the device is in comparator mode (MODE = 0). It will retain its state until after the device exits shutdown mode and resumes A/D conversions. If the device is shut down while in interrupt mode (mode = Temperature +125 C +25 C +1.0 C 0 C - 1.0 C - 25 C - 40 C - 55 C Binar y 0111 1101b 0001 1001b 0000 0001b 0000 000 0b 1111 111 1b 1110 011 1b 1101 100 0b 1100 100 1b He x 7Dh 19h 01h 00h FFh E7h D8h C9h September 2005 Table 3. Digital Temperature Format 11 MIC284 MIC284 1), the /INT pin will be unconditionally de-asserted and the internal latches holding the interrupt status will be cleared. Therefore, no interrupts will be generated while the MIC284 is in shutdown mode, and the interrupt status will not be retained. Regardless of the setting of the MODE bit, the state of /CRIT and its corresponding status bit, CRIT1, does not change when the MIC284 enters shutdown mode. They will retain their states until after the device exits shutdown mode and resumes A/D conversions. Since entering shutdown mode stops A/D conversions, the MIC284 is incapable of detecting or reporting temperature events of any kind while in shutdown. Diode fault detection requires one or more A/D conversion cycles to detect external sensor faults, therefore diode faults will not be reported until the MIC284 exits shutdown (see "Diode Faults" above). Fault Queues Fault queues (programmable digital filters) are provided in the MIC284 to prevent false tripping due to thermal or electrical noise. The two bits in CONFIG[4:3] set the depth of Fault_Queue. Fault_Queue then determines the number of consecutive temperature events (TEMPx > T_SETx, TEMPx < T_HYSTx, TEMP1 > CRIT1, or TEMP1 < nCRIT1) which must occur in order for the condition to be considered valid. There are separate fault queues for each zone and for the over-temperature detect function. As an example, assume the part is in comparator mode, and CONFIG[4:3] is programmed with 10b. The measured temperature in zone one would have to exceed T_SET1 for four consecutive A/D conversions before /INT would be asserted or the S1 status bit set. Similarly, TEMP1 would have to be less than T_HYST1 for four consecutive conversions before /INT would be reset. Like any filter, the fault queue function also has the effect of delaying the detection of temperature events. In this example, it would take 4 x tCONV to detect a temperature event. The depth of Fault_Queue vs. D[4:3] of the configuration register is shown in Table 4: CONFIG[4:3] 00 01 10 11 * Default setting Micrel, Inc A read operation on any register will cause /INT to be deasserted. This is shown in Figure 5. The status bits will be cleared once CONFIG has been read. Since temperature-to-digital conversions continue while /INT is asserted, the measured temperature could change between the MIC284's assertion of /INT or /CRIT and the host's response. It is good practice for the interrupt service routine to read the value in TEMPx, to verify that the overtemperature or under-temperature condition still exists. In addition, more than one temperature event may have occurred simultaneously or in rapid succession between the assertion of /INT and servicing of the MIC284 by the host. The interrupt service routine should allow for this eventuality. Keep in mind that clearing the status bits and deasserting /INT is not sufficient to allow further interrupts to occur. TEMPx must become less than T_HYSTx if the last event was an over-temperature condition, or greater than T_SETx if the last event was an under-temperature condition, before /INT can be asserted again. Putting the device into shutdown mode will de-assert /INT and clear the S0 and S1 status bits. This should not be done before completing the appropriate interrupt service routine(s). /CRIT Output If and when the measured remote temperature exceeds the value programmed into the CRIT1 register, the /CRIT output will be asserted and CRIT1 in the configuration register will be set. If and when the measured temperature in zone one subsequently falls below the value programmed into nCRIT1, the /CRIT output will be de-asserted and the CRIT1 bit in CONFIG will be cleared. This action cannot be masked and is completely independent of the settings of the mode bit and interrupt mask bit. The host may poll the state of the /CRIT output at any time by reading the configuration register. The state of the CRIT1 bit exactly follows the state of the /CRIT output. The states of /CRIT and CRIT1 do not change when the MIC284 enters shutdown mode. Entering shutdown mode stops A/D conversions, however, so their states will not change while the device is shut down. Polling The MIC284 may either be polled by the host, or request the host's attention via the /INT pin. In the case of polled operation, the host periodically reads the contents of CONFIG to check the state of the status bits. The act of reading CONFIG clears the status bits. If more than one event that sets a given status bit occurs before the host polls the MIC284, only the fact that at least one such event has occurred will be apparent to the host. For polled systems, the interrupt mask bit should be set (IM = 1). This will disable interrupts from the MIC284, and prevent the /INT pin from sinking current. The host may poll the state of the /CRIT output at any time by reading the configuration register. The state of the CRIT1 bit exactly follows the state of the /CRIT output. Fault_Queue Dept h 1 conversion * 2 conversion s 4 conversion s 6 conversion s Table 4. Fault_Queue Depth Settings Interrupt Generation Assuming the MIC284 is in interrupt mode and interrupts are enabled, there are five different conditions that will cause the MIC284 to set one of the status bits (S0, S1, or CRIT1) in CONFIG and assert its /INT output and/or /CRIT output. These conditions are listed in Table 5. When a temperature event occurs, the corresponding status bit will be set in CONFIG. This action cannot be masked. However, a temperature event will only generate an interrupt signal on /INT if it is specifically enabled by the interrupt mask bit (IM =0 in the configuration register). Following an interrupt, the host should read the contents of the configuration register to confirm that the MIC284 was the source of the interrupt. MIC284 12 September 2005 MIC284 Micrel, Inc. Event high temperature, remote high temperature, local low temperature, remote low temperature, local over-temperatue, remote NOT over-temperature, remote diode fault Condition* * TEMP1 > T_SET1 TEMP0 > T_SET0 TEMP1 > T_HYST1 TEMP0 > T_HYST0 TEMP1 > CRIT1 TEMP1 > nCRIT1 T1 open or T1 shorted to VDD or GND MIC284 response * set S1 in CONFIG, assert /IN T set S0 in CONFIG, assert /IN T set S1 in CONFIG, assert /IN T set S0 in CONFIG, assert /IN T set CRIT in CONFIG, assert /CRIT clear CRIT in CONFIG, de-assert /CRIT set CRIT and S1 in CONFIG, assert /INT and /CRIT*** * Assumes interrupts enabled ** Condition must be true for FAULT_QUEUE conversion to be recognized *** Assumes the T_SET1 and CRIT1 are set yo any value less then +127 C = 7fh = 0111 1111b Table 5. MIC284 Temperature Events September 2005 13 MIC284 MIC284 Micrel, Inc Register Set and Programmer's Model Internal Register Set Name TEMP0 CONFIG T_HYST0 T_SET0 TEMP1 T_HYST1 T_SET1 nCRIT1 CRIT1 (1) (2) Descriptio n local temperatur e configuration registe r local hysteresi s local temperature setpoin t remote temperatur e remote hysteresi s remote temperature setpoint over-temperature hysteresis over-temperature temperature setpoint Command Byt e 00h 0 1h 02h 03h 10h 12h 13h 22h 23h Operatio n 8-bit read only 8-bit read/write 8-bit read/write 8-bit read/write 8-bit read only 8-bit read/write 8-bit read/write 8-bit read/write 8-bit read/write Power-Up Defaul t 0 0h (0 C)(1) 0 0h (2) 4 Ch (+76 C) 5 1h (+81 C) 0 0h (0 C)(1) 5 Ch (+92 C) 6 1h (+97 C) 5 Ch (+92 C) 6 1h (+97 C) TEMP0 and TEMP1 will contain measured temperature data after the completion of one conversion cycle. After the first Fault_Queue conversions are complete, status bits will be set if TEMPx > T_SETx or TEMP1 > CRIT1. Detailed Register Descriptions Configuration Register CONFIGURATION REGISTER (CONFIG) 8-Bit Read/Write D[7] read only local status (S0) Bits S0 S1 D[6 ] read only remote status (S1) D[5 ] read only /CRIT status (CRIT1) Functio n D[4 ] D[3 ] D[2 ] read/write interrupt mask (IM) D[1 ] read/write CMP/INT mode (MODE) Operatio n D[0 ] read/write Shutdown (SHDN) read/write fault queue depth (FQ[1:0]) local interrupt status (read only ) remote interrupt status (read only ) 1 = event occured, 0 = no event 1 = event occured, 0 = no event 1 = over-temperature, 0 = no event 00 = 1 conversion, 01 = 2 conversions, 10 = 4 conversions, 11 = 6 conversions 1 = disabled, 0 = interrupts enabled 1 = interrupt mode, 0 = comparator mode 1 = shutdown, 0 = normal CRIT1 remote over-temperature status (read only ) FQ[1:0] Fault_Queue dept h IM MODE SHDN interrupt mas k comparator/interrupt mode selection for /INT pin normal/shutdown operating mode selection CONFIG Power-Up Value: 0000 0000b = 00h(*) * not in shutdown mode * comparator mode * /INT = active low * Fault_Queue depth = 1 * interrupts enabled. * no temperature events pending CONFIG Command Byte Value: 0000 0001b = 01h * Following the first Fault_Queue conversions, one or more of the status bits may be set. MIC284 14 September 2005 MIC284 Local Temperature Result Register LOCAL TEMPERATURE SETPOINT (T_SET0) 8-Bit Read/Write D[7] MSB D[6 ] bit 6 D[5 ] bit 5 D[4 ] bit 4 D[3 ] bit 3 D[2 ] bit 2 D[1 ] bit 1 D[0 ] LSB Micrel, Inc. local temperature setpoint Bits D[7:0] Functio n local temperature setpoint * read/write Operatio n TEMP0 Power-Up Value: 0000 0000b = 00h (0C) TEMP0 Command Byte Value: 0000 0000b = 00h * Each LSB represents one degree Centigrade. The values are in a two's complement format such that 0C is reported as 0000 0000b. See "Temperature Data Format" for more details. TEMP0 will contain measured temperature data after the completion of one conversion. Local Temperature Hysteresis Register LOCAL TEMPERATURE HYSTERESIS (T_HYST0) 8-Bit Read/Write D[7] MSB D[6 ] bit 6 D[5 ] bit 5 D[4 ] bit 4 D[3 ] bit 3 D[2 ] bit 2 D[1 ] bit 1 D[0 ] LSB local temperature hysteresis setting Bits D[7:0] Functio n local temperature hysteresis setting * read/write Operatio n T_HYST0 Power-Up Value: 0100 1100b = 4Ch (+76C) T_HYST0 Command Byte Value: 0000 0010b = 02h * Each LSB represents one degree Centigrade. The values are in a two's complement format such that 0C is reported as 0000 0000b. See "Temperature Data Format" for more details. Local Temperature Setpoint Register LOCAL TEMPERATURE SETPOINT (T_SET0) 8-Bit Read/Write D[7] MSB D[6 ] bit 6 D[5 ] bit 5 D[4 ] bit 4 D[3 ] bit 3 D[2 ] bit 2 D[1 ] bit 1 D[0 ] LSB local temperature setpoint Bits D[7:0] Functio n local temperature setpoint * read/write Operatio n T_SET0 Power-Up Value: 0101 0001b = 51h (+81C) T_SET0 Command Byte Value: 0000 0011b = 03h * Each LSB represents one degree Centigrade. The values are in a two's complement format such that 0C is reported as 0000 0000b. See "Temperature Data Format" for more details. September 2005 15 MIC284 MIC284 Remote Temperature Result Register REMOTE TEMPERATURE RESULT (TEMP1) 8-Bit Read Only D[7] MSB D[6 ] bit 6 D[5 ] bit 5 D[4 ] bit 4 D[3 ] bit 3 D[2 ] bit 2 D[1 ] bit 1 D[0 ] LSB Micrel, Inc remote temperature data from ADC* Bits D[7:0] Functio n measured temperature data for the remote read only zone* Operatio n TEMP1 Power-Up Value: 0000 0000b = 00h (0C) TEMP1 Command Byte Value: 0001 0000b = 10h * Each LSB represents one degree Centigrade. The values are in a two's complement format such that 0C is reported as 0000 0000b. See "Temperature Data Format" for more details. TEMP1 will contain measured temperature data for the selected zone after the completion of one conversion. Remote Temperature Hysteresis Register REMOTE TEMPERATURE HYSTERESIS (T_HYST1) 8-Bit Read/Write D[7] MSB D[6 ] bit 6 D[5 ] bit 5 D[4 ] bit 4 D[3 ] bit 3 D[2 ] bit 2 D[1 ] bit 1 D[0 ] LSB remote temperature hysteresis setting Bits D[7:0] Functio n remote temperature hysteresis setting * read/write Operatio n T_HYST1 Power-Up Value: 0101 1100b = 5Ch (+92C) T_HYST1 Command Byte Value: 0001 0010b = 12h * Each LSB represents one degree Centigrade. The values are in a two's complement format such that 0C is reported as 0000 0000b. See "Temperature Data Format" for more details. Remote Temperature Setpoint Register REMOTE TEMPERATURE SETPOINT (T_SET1) 8-Bit Read/Write D[7] MSB D[6 ] bit 6 D[5 ] bit 5 D[4 ] bit 4 D[3 ] bit 3 D[2 ] bit 2 D[1 ] bit 1 D[0 ] LSB remote temperature setpoint Bits D[7:0] Functio n remote temperature setpoint * read/write Operatio n T_SET1 Power-Up Value: 0110 0001b = 61h (+97C) T_SET1 Command Byte Value: 0001 0011b = 13h * Each LSB represents one degree Centigrade. The values are in a two's complement format such that 0C is reported as 0000 0000b. See "Temperature Data Format" for more details. MIC284 16 September 2005 MIC284 Remote Over-Temperature Hysteresis Register REMOTE OVER-TEMPERATURE HYSTERESIS (nCRIT1) 8-Bit Read/Write D[7] MSB D[6 ] bit 6 D[5 ] bit 5 D[4 ] bit 4 D[3 ] bit 3 D[2 ] bit 2 D[1 ] bit 1 D[0 ] LSB Micrel, Inc. remote over-temperature hysteresis setting Bits D[7:0] Functio n remote temperature hysteresis setting * read/write Operatio n nCRIT Power-Up Value: 0101 1100b = 5Ch (+92C) nCRIT1 Command Byte Value: 0010 0010b = 22h * Each LSB represents one degree Centigrade. The values are in a two's complement format such that 0C is reported as 0000 0000b. See "Temperature Data Format" for more details. Remote Over-Temperature Setpoint Register REMOTE OVER-TEMPERATURE HYSTERESIS (nCRIT1) 8-Bit Read/Write D[7] MSB D[6 ] bit 6 D[5 ] bit 5 D[4 ] bit 4 D[3 ] bit 3 D[2 ] bit 2 D[1 ] bit 1 D[0 ] LSB remote over-temperature hysteresis setting Bits D[7:0] Functio n remote temperature hysteresis setting * read/write Operatio n CRIT1 Power-Up Value: 0110 0001b = 61h (+97C) CRIT1 Command Byte Value: 0010 0011b = 23h * Each LSB represents one degree Centigrade. The values are in a two's complement format such that 0C is reported as 0000 0000b. See "Temperature Data Format" for more details. September 2005 17 MIC284 MIC284 Micrel, Inc of the thermal data (e.g., PC board thermal conductivity and ambient temperature) may be poorly defined or unobtainable except by empirical means. Series Resistance The operation of the MIC284 depends upon sensing the VCB-E of a diode-connected PNP transistor ("diode") at two different current levels. For remote temperature measurements, this is done using an external diode connected between T1 and ground. Since this technique relies upon measuring the relatively small voltage difference resulting from two levels of current through the external diode, any resistance in series with the external diode will cause an error in the temperature reading from the MIC284. A good rule of thumb is this: for each ohm in series with the external transistor, there will be a 0.9C error in the MIC284's temperature measurement. It isn't difficult to keep the series resistance well below an ohm (typically < 0.1), so this will rarely be an issue. Filter Capacitor Selection It is sometimes desirable to use a filter capacitor between the T1 and GND pins of the MIC284. The use of this capacitor is recommended in environments with a lot of high frequency noise (such as digital switching noise), or if long wires are used to attach to the remote diode. The maximum recommended total capacitance from the T1 pin to GND is 2700pF. This typically suggests the use of a 2200pF NP0 or C0G ceramic capacitor with a 10% tolerance. If the remote diode is to be at a distance of more than 6" -- 12" from the MIC284, using twisted pair wiring or shielded microphone cable for the connections to the diode can significantly help reduce noise pickup. If using a long run of shielded cable, remember to subtract the cable's conductor-to-shield capacitance from the 2700pF maximum total capacitance. Layout Considerations The following guidelines should be kept in mind when designing and laying out circuits using the MIC284: Applications Remote Diode Selection Most small-signal PNP transistors with characteristics similar to the JEDEC 2N3906 will perform well as remote temperature sensors. Table 6 lists several examples of such parts that Micrel has tested for use with the MIC284. Other transistors equivalent to these should also work well. Minimizing Errors Self-Heating One concern when using a part with the temperature accuracy and resolution of the MIC284 is to avoid errors induced by self-heating (VDD x IDD) + (VOL x IOL). In order to understand what level of error this might represent, and how to reduce that error, the dissipation in the MIC284 must be calculated and its effects reduced to a temperature offset. The worst-case operating condition for the MIC284 is when VDD = 5.5V, MSOP-08 package. T he maximum power dissipated in the part is given in Equation 1 below. In most applications, the /INT output will be low for at most a few milliseconds before the host resets it back to the high state, making its duty cycle low enough that its contribution to self-heating of the MIC284 is negligible. Similarly, the DATA pin will in all likelihood have a duty cycle of substantially below 25% in the low state. These considerations, combined with more typical device and application parameters, give a better system-level view of device self-heating in interrupt-mode usage. This is illustrated by Equation 2. If the part is to be used in comparator mode, calculations similar to those shown in Equation 2 (accounting for the expected value and duty cycle of IOL(/INT) and IOL(/CRIT)) will give a good estimate of the device's self-heating error. In any application, the best test is to verify performance against calculation in the final application environment. This is especially true when dealing with systems for which some PD = [(IDD x VDD) + (IOL(DATA)) x VOL(DATA) + (IOL(/INT) x VOL(/INT)) + (IOL(/CRIT) x VOL(/CRIT))] PD = [(0.75mA x 5.5V) + (6mA x 0.8V) + (6mA x 0.8V) + (6mA x 0.8V)] PD = 18.53mW R(j-a) of MSOP - 08 package is 206C/W Maximum TJ relative to TA due to self heating is 18.53mW x 206C/W = 3.82C Equation 1. Worst-case self-heating [(0.35mA IDD(typ) x 3.3V) + (25% x 1.5mA IOL(DATA)) x 0.3V) + (1% x 1.5mA IOL(/INT) x 0.3V) + (25% x 1.5mA IOL(/CRIT) x 0.3V) = 1.38mW TJ = (1.38mW x 206C/W) = 0.29C Equation 2. Real-world self-heating example Vendor Fairchild On Semiconductor Phillips Semiconductor Samsung Part Number MMBT3906 MMBT3906L PMBT3906 KST3906-TF Package SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 Table 6. Transistors Suitable for Remote Temperature Sensing Use MIC284 18 September 2005 MIC284 1. Place the MIC284 as close to the remote diode as possible, while taking care to avoid severe noise sources such as high frequency power transformers, CRTs, memory and data busses, and the like. 2. Since any conductance from the various voltages on the PC Board and the T1 line can induce serious errors, it is good practice to guard the remote diode's emitter trace with a pair of ground traces. These ground traces should be returned to the MIC284's own ground pin. They should not be grounded at any other part of their run. However, it is highly desirable to use these guard traces to carry the diode's own ground return back to the ground pin of the MIC284, thereby providing a Kelvin connection for the base of the diode. See Figure 6. 3. When using the MIC284 to sense the temperature of a processor or other device which has an integral thermal diode, e.g., Intel's Pentium III, connect the emitter and base of the remote sensor to the MIC284 using the guard traces and Kelvin return shown in Figure 6. The collector of the remote diode is typically inaccessible to the user on these devices. To allow for this, the MIC284 has superb rejection of noise appearing from collector to GND, as long as the base to ground connection is relatively quiet. 4. Due to the small currents involved in the measurement of the remote diode's VBE, it is important to adequately clean the PC board after soldering to prevent current leakage. This is MIC284 1 DATA 2 CLK 3 /INT Micrel, Inc. most likely to show up as an issue in situations where water-soluble soldering fluxes are used. 5. In general, wider traces for the ground and T1 lines will help reduce susceptibility to radiated noise (wider traces are less inductive). Use trace widths and spacing of 10 mils wherever possible and provide a ground plane under the MIC284 and under the connections from the MIC284 to the remote diode. This will help guard against stray noise pickup. 6. Always place a good quality power supply bypass capacitor directly adjacent to, or underneath, the MIC284. This should be a 0.1F ceramic capacitor. Surface-mount parts provide the best bypassing because of their low inductance. 7. When the MIC284 is being powered from particularly noisy power supplies, or from supplies which may have sudden high-amplitude spikes appearing on them, it can be helpful to add additional power supply filtering. This should be implemented as a 100 resistor in series with the part's VDD pin, and a 4.7F, 6.3V electrolytic capacitor from VDD to GND. See Figure 7. VDD 8 A0 7 T1 6 /CRIT 5 GUARD/RETURN REMOTE DIODE (T1) 4 GND GUARD/RETURN Figure 6. Guard Traces/Kelvin Ground Returns 3.3V 10k pull-ups FROM SERIAL BUS HOST OVER-TEMP SHUTDOWN 100 0.1F MIC284 DATA VDD T1 CLK /INT A0 /CRIT GND 4.7F 2200pF Remote Diode Figure 7. VDD Decoupling for Very Noisy Supplies September 2005 19 MIC284 MIC284 Micrel, Inc Package Information 8-Lead SOIC (M) 8-Lead MSOP (MM) MICREL INC. TEL + 1 (408) 944-0800 FAX + 1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA This information furnished by Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser's use or sale of Micrel Pr Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. (c) 2005 Micrel Incorporated MIC284 20 September 2005 |
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